Sabtu, 21 November 2015

Grammar



PARTICIPLES
1.      PRESENT PARTICIPLE / ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
We can use: present continuous, present perfect continuous, past continuous, continuous future. (Verb + ing)
}  As an adjective, the place before or after the noun.
   Example: - The crying baby is Suffering from heat.
                    - The boy, shouting, woke his mother.
}  As a verb,
   Example: - Rudi is watching a movie.
                   - He is writing a letter.
}  As adverb
   Example: - Studying hard, he passed the final exam.
Note: If present participle as an adjective, can not use to be.
          If present participle as a verb, can use to be.
Note: Present participle usually show after object from the verb: see, hear, smell, feel, watch, notice, listen to, look at, Observe, keep, find, catch, leave as an adjective or verb.
2.      PAST PARTICIPLE / PASSIVE
We can use: the present perfect, past perfect, future perfect. (Verb 3)
}  As a verb,
   example: - She has contacted the man.
             - We have watched the movie.
}  As an adjective,
   Example: - I SAW a broken glass in the corner.
             - The letter left in the mailbox was for me.
             - Interested people.
}  As adverb
   Example:   - Given money by her mother, she looks happy.
Note:
If as a verb, can use have / has / hade or to be (is, am, are, was were).
If as an adjective, can not use have / has / hade or to be (is, am, are, was were).

Patterns of   Present participle
Example
Verb + Object + Present participle
      He has smelt something burning here.
      I heard you singing in the bathroom.
Have + Object + Present participle
      My mother did not have me going home alone.
      I have you smoking in my room.
Catch + Object + Present participle
      The police caught him stealing a motorcycle.
Find + Object + Present participle
      We found them watching televition.
      I leave my younger sister sleeping there.
Go / come + Object + Present participle
      I will go swimming afternoon.
Spend / waste + Object + Present participle
      Marly does not spend much time preparing this lesson
Be busy + Present participle
      Jane was busy packing

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